Increase health benefits of exercise by working out before breakfast -- ScienceDaily

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/10/191018080619.htm


Exercising before eating breakfast burns more fat, improves how the body responds to insulin and lowers people's risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

University of Bath. (2019, October 18). Increase health benefits of exercise by working out before breakfast. ScienceDaily. Retrieved October 24, 2019 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/10/191018080619.htm

Low-Carb Diet Finding: Study Identifies New Regulator Of Fat Metabolism -- ScienceDaily

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/06/070605121134.htm



"Over the past several years, animal studies have shown that high-fat, low-carbohydrate "ketogenic" diets cause demonstrable changes in metabolism and subsequent weight loss. Now, researchers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) have identified a key mechanism behind this turn of events. Their findings, which appear in the June 2007 issue of Cell Metabolism, demonstrate that a liver hormone known as FGF21 is required to oxidize fatty acids -- and thereby burn calories"


Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. (2007, June 6). Low-Carb Diet Finding: Study Identifies New Regulator Of Fat Metabolism. ScienceDaily. Retrieved October 31, 2015 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/06/070605121134.htm

Twenty-Four Hour Total and Dietary Fat Oxidation in Lean, Obese andReduced-Obese Adults with and without a Bout of Exercise

Background

It has been hypothesized that obese and reduced-obese individuals have decreased oxidative capacity, which contributes to weight gain and regain. Recent data have challenged this concept.

Objective

To determine (1) whether total and dietary fat oxidation are decreased in obese and reduced-obese adults compared to lean but increase in response to an acute exercise bout and (2) whether regular physical activity attenuates these metabolic alterations.

Design

We measured 24-hr total (whole-room calorimetry) and dietary fat (14C-oleate) oxidation in Sedentary Lean (BMI = 21.5±1.6; n = 10), Sedentary Obese (BMI = 33.6±2.5; n = 9), Sedentary Reduced-Obese (RED-SED; BMI = 26.9±3.7; n = 7) and in Physically Active Reduced-Obese (RED-EX; BMI = 27.3±2.8; n = 12) men and women with or without an acute exercise bout where energy expended during exercise was not replaced.

Results

Although Red-SED and Red-EX had a similar level of fatness, aerobic capacity and metabolic profiles were better in Red-EX only compared to Obese subjects. No significant between-group differences were seen in 24-hr respiratory quotient (RQ, Lean: 0.831±0.044, Obese: 0.852±0.023, Red-SED: 0.864±0.037, Red-EX: 0.842±0.039), total and dietary fat oxidation. A single bout of exercise increased total (+27.8%, p<0.0001) and dietary (+6.6%, p = 0.048) fat oxidation across groups. Although exercise did not impact RQ during the day, it decreased RQ during sleep (p = 0.01) in all groups. Red-EX oxidized more fat overnight than Red-SED subjects under both resting (p = 0.036) and negative energy balance (p = 0.003) conditions, even after adjustment for fat-free mass.

Conclusion

Obese and reduced-obese individuals oxidize as much fat as lean both under eucaloric and negative energy balance conditions, which does not support the hypothesis of reduced oxidative capacity in these groups. Reduced-obese individuals who exercise regularly have markers of metabolic health similar to those seen in lean adults. Both the acute and chronic effects of exercise were primarily observed at night suggesting an important role of sleep in the regulation of lipid metabolism.

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http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0094181