Ketogenic diet activates protective γδ T cell responses against influenza virus infection | The Journal of Immunology

https://www.jimmunol.org/content/202/1_Supplement/62.7.abstract


"Ketogenic diet (KD) feeding resulted in an expansion of γδ T cells in the lung that improved barrier functions, thereby enhancing anti-viral resistance."
...
"Therefore, KD mediated immune-metabolic integration represents a viable avenue towards preventing or alleviating influenza disease."

Goldberg, E. L., Molony, R., Sidorov, S., Kudo, E., Dixit, V. D. & Iwasaki, A. (2019). Ketogenic diet activates protective γδ T cell responses against influenza virus infection. The Journal of Immunology, 202(1 Supplement), ss. 62.7-62.7. 

Attenuation of influenza-like symptomatology and improvement of cell-mediated immunity with long-term N-acetylcysteine treatment - PubMed - NCBI

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9230243

Abstract

N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an analogue and precursor of reduced glutathione, has been in clinical use for more than 30 yrs as a mucolytic drug. It has also been proposed for and/or used in the therapy and/or prevention of several respiratory diseases and of diseases involving an oxidative stress, in general. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of long-term treatment with NAC on influenza and influenza-like episodes. A total of 262 subjects of both sexes (78% > or = 65 yrs, and 62% suffering from nonrespiratory chronic degenerative diseases) were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind trial involving 20 Italian Centres. They were randomized to receive either placebo or NAC tablets (600 mg) twice daily for 6 months. Patients suffering from chronic respiratory diseases were not eligible, to avoid possible confounding by an effect of NAC on respiratory symptoms. NAC treatment was well tolerated and resulted in a significant decrease in the frequency of influenza-like episodes, severity, and length of time confined to bed. Both local and systemic symptoms were sharply and significantly reduced in the NAC group. Frequency of seroconversion towards A/H1N1 Singapore 6/86 influenza virus was similar in the two groups, but only 25% of virus-infected subjects under NAC treatment developed a symptomatic form, versus 79% in the placebo group. Evaluation of cell-mediated immunity showed a progressive, significant shift from anergy to normoergy following NAC treatment. Administration of N-acetylcysteine during the winter, thus, appears to provide a significant attenuation of influenza and influenza-like episodes, especially in elderly high-risk individuals. N-acetylcysteine did not prevent A/H1N1 virus influenza infection but significantly reduced the incidence of clinically apparent disease.