Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies evaluating the association of saturated fat with cardiovascular disease. - PubMed - NCBI

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/20071648/?i=3&from=Siri-Tarino%20PW,%20Sun%20Q,%20Hu%20FB,%20Krauss%20RM



"CONCLUSIONS: A meta-analysis of prospective epidemiologic studies showed that there is no significant evidence for concluding that dietary saturated fat is associated with an increased risk of CHD or CVD. More data are needed to elucidate whether CVD risks are likely to be influenced by the specific nutrients used to replace saturated fat."


Siri-Tarino PW, Sun Q, Hu FB,
Krauss RM. Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies evaluating the
association of saturated fat with cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin
Nutr 2010;91:535-46.

Eat more salt and live longer (especially if you have had a cardiovascular event)

04:00 - Funnel plost - Publication Bias

08:20 - Causation vs Association Studies

09:50 - journal NEJM back in 1972

there is a bit of concern about the low salt diet. You can lower blood pressure okay nobody's disputing that but there's a price to pay, you're going to raise a renin and aldosterone levels  fairly substantially. So while you may lower your blood pressure you may actually put yourself at higher risk have coronary artery disease.

http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=187486&resultClick=3

10:39 - Intrasalt Study (the main reason for recent advice to lower salt comsumption)

http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/65/2/626S.abstract

17:00 - Salt and Mortality.

If you eat less salt, you are more likely to die

As you take a high-salt diet your mortality, goes down

As you take more more salt, cardiovascular disease goes down

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/nhanesi.htm

20:20 - People with high blood pressure, the people the guideline tells to eat less salt.

 Cardiovascular event rate for people as they take more more salt their cardiovascular  evnt rate goes down and down

http://hyper.ahajournals.org/content/25/6/1144.short

23:20 - Journal of the American Medical Association

They took 3,685 people and they followed them for seven point nine year

You had 23 times increase in your cardiac event ray when you take a low-salt diet, it looks pretty bad

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21540421

25:10 - Another cochran review

there was one group that it looked like urs actually very harmful to follow a low-salt diet back group was the cardiac patients, so the people with heart failure the ones I you all tell to eat a low salt diet, they seem to do much worse, much worse than everybody else

http://www.cochrane.org/CD009217/VASC_reduced-dietary-salt-for-the-prevention-of-cardiovascular-disease

25:30 - Potential Harm From Too Little Salt Intake (The National Academies of Sciences)

Especially for those people with heart failure you want to be very very careful because the low salt diet might be extremely harmful to you okay it's not only not good for you but it might be actually very harmful to you and that everything else was that there was a really enough

Evidence indicates that low sodium intake may lead to risk of adverse health effects among those with mid- to late-stage heart failure who are receiving aggressive treatment for their disease

http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=18311

27:10 - Tradeoffs for low sodium intake

Blood Pressure - 3.85 % Decrease (best-case scenario)

Renin (hormone) + 24.3 % Increase

Aldosterone (hormone) + 24.5 % Increase

Adrenaline (hormone) + 9 % Increase

28:20 - The modern treatment for atherosclerosis

Renin - Renin inhibitors are used to treat hypertension

Aldosterone - spironolactone, ARBs & ACE Inhibitors are used to treat high levels of Aldosterone

Adrenaline - is blocked with Beta Blocker

Cardiovascular Diabetology | Full text | Beneficial effects of a Paleolithic diet on cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes: a randomized cross-over pilot study

http://www.cardiab.com/content/8/1/35

Abstract

Background
Our aim was to compare the effects of a Paleolithic ('Old Stone Age') diet and a diabetes diet as generally recommended on risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes not treated with insulin.

Methods

In a randomized cross-over study, 13 patients with type 2 diabetes, 3 women and 10 men, were instructed to eat a Paleolithic diet based on lean meat, fish, fruits, vegetables, root vegetables, eggs and nuts; and a Diabetes diet designed in accordance with dietary guidelines during two consecutive 3-month periods. Outcome variables included changes in weight, waist circumference, serum lipids, C-reactive protein, blood pressure, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), and areas under the curve for plasma glucose and plasma insulin in the 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. Dietary intake was evaluated by use of 4-day weighed food records.

Results

Study participants had on average a diabetes duration of 9 years, a mean HbA1c of 6,6% units by Mono-S standard and were usually treated with metformin alone (3 subjects) or metformin in combination with a sulfonylurea (3 subjects) or a thiazolidinedione (3 subjects). Mean average dose of metformin was 1031 mg per day. Compared to the diabetes diet, the Paleolithic diet resulted in lower mean values of HbA1c (-0.4% units, p = 0.01), triacylglycerol (-0.4 mmol/L, p = 0.003), diastolic blood pressure (-4 mmHg, p = 0.03), weight (-3 kg, p = 0.01), BMI (-1 kg/m², p= 0.04) and waist circumference (-4 cm, p = 0.02), and higher mean values of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (+0.08 mmol/L, p = 0.03). The Paleolithic diet was mainly lower in cereals and dairy products, and higher in fruits, vegetables, meat and eggs, as compared with the Diabetes diet. Further, the Paleolithic diet was lower in total energy, energy density, carbohydrate, dietary glycemic load, saturated fatty acids and calcium, and higher in unsaturated fatty acids, dietary cholesterol and several vitamins. Dietary GI was slightly lower in the Paleolithic diet (GI = 50) than in the Diabetic diet (GI = 55).

Conclusion

Over a 3-month study period, a Paleolithic diet improved glycemic control and several cardiovascular risk factors compared to a Diabetes diet in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Red meats: Time for a paradigm shift in dietary advice

Red meats: Time for a paradigm shift in dietary advice

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0309174014001922

Highlights

• Dietary advice to limit red meat is unnecessarily restrictive and may have unintended health consequences.
• Overzealous focus on limiting red meat may have distracted from effective nutrition strategies to address chronic diseases.
• With increasing intakes of highly processed foods it is important to reconsider nutrition priorities.

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Abstract

Recent evidence suggests dietary advice to limit red meat is unnecessarily restrictive and may have unintended health consequences. As nutrient-rich high quality protein foods, red meats can play an important role in helping people meet their essential nutrient needs. Yet dietary advice to limit red meat remains standard in many developed countries, even though red meat intakes appear to be within current guidelines. Meanwhile, energy intakes from processed foods have increased dramatically at the expense of nutrient-rich foods, such as red meat. Research suggests these food trends are associated with the growing burden of obesity and associated diseases in recent decades. It is time for dietary advice that emphasizes the value of unprocessed red meat as part of a healthy balanced diet.

The Secret to Heart Health Is Avoiding Sugar | Marcelle Pick, OB-GYN N.P.

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/marcelle-pick-rnc/the-secret-to-heart-healt_b_5925892.html

Study - Saturated Fats Dont Cause Heart Disease

http://www.mindbodygreen.com/0-13011/study-saturated-fats-dont-cause-heart-disease.html


We’ve been told for years that consuming greasy foods will lead us to an early grave. The explanation that saturated fats cause premature death by clogging our arteries and destroying our hearts is a popular story. In this vein of thinking, many physicians continue to advocate for the “heart-healthy” low saturated fat diet. However, times are changing, and the body of evidence no longer supports this hypothesis.


A landmark study, published Monday in the Annals of Internal Medicine, reviewed the body of evidence substantiating these fat-phobic claims, looking at more than 500,000 people and their risk of heart disease from fat intake. The results are extraordinary.


Read the whole story
http://www.mindbodygreen.com/0-13011/study-saturated-fats-dont-cause-heart-disease.html






Annals of Internal Medicine
Association of Dietary, Circulating, and Supplement Fatty Acids With Coronary Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis


Background: Guidelines advocate changes in fatty acid consumption to promote cardiovascular health.
Purpose: To summarize evidence about associations between fatty acids and coronary disease.




Read the whole report
http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1846638&atab=7