Jeff Volek - The Many Facets of Keto-Adaptation: Health, Performance

01:14 - Jeff Volek have been study Low Carbbohydrate Diets for about 15 years (since about 1998)

02:17 - Why don't these diets get more publicity

03:35 - Sweden Becomes First Western Nation to Reject Low-fat Diet Dogma in Favor of Low-Carb High-fat Nutrition

• 16'000 studies was reviewed  over a 2 year period

05:37 - The Problem

• 1/3 of Americans are Obese
• 200 Billion Dollars are spent annually on Obesity
   

06:00 - Exercise and Weight loss:

• Claude Bouchard and Angelo Tremblay
• J Nutr. 1997 May;127(5 Suppl):943S-947S. Review
• http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9164270
• http://jn.nutrition.org/content/127/5/943S.long (Full Text)

• Small but very, very controlled Study

• Twins exercise twice a day

11:55 - Personalized Nutrition... Where to start

• Carbohydrate
• Insulin control access to the fat cells, Insulin is tied to carbohydrates

15:25 - about 200 Kcal/day extra in Carbohydrate

16:00 - Total Sugar in the blood stream at any moment, Answer: 8 Grams or 2 teaspoons

17:40 - Lipogenesis (lipogenesis the formation of fat from non fat sources)

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipogenesis

Lipogenesis is the process by which acetyl-CoA is converted to fatty acids

18:45 - Insulin Resistance = Carbohydrate Intolerance

• Diabetes = Side Effect of Consuming too Much Carbohydrate relative to a Person's Tolerance

21:50 - The A to Z Study (Gardner et al. JAMA 2007)

• http://www.math.hope.edu/stats/articles/weight-loss.pdf

22:20 - Carbohydrate Metabolism Vs Fat-based Metabolism

• Fatty Acid / Ketone Metabolism
• Regression of cancer tumours
• Life Extension
• Reduce Oxidative Stress
• More or Less Anti Aging

24:45 - Insulin is the most Important Physiological inhibition of lipolysis

• Jenson et al. Diabetes 38:1591-1601, 1989
• http://www.nmsociety.org/docs/diabetes/irdaeba_pt1.pdf
• Eating Carbohydrate locks you into glucose-dependent metabolism

26:00 - Ketosis and the Brain

• when in Ketosis 50% of the brain's energy comes from Ketones
• when in Ketosis 40% of the brain's energy comes from Glucose
• when in Ketosis 10% of the brain's energy comes from Acetoacetate
• The brain uses about 600 kcal/day

28:25 - Ketone Terminology

• Ketones

• Ketosis

• Nutritional Ketosis

• Ketoacidosis

• Keto adaptation
   

• Unless you are Type 1 diabetic you don't have to worry about Ketoacidosis

29:48 - The Ketone Zone

30:55 - Keto-adaptation dramatically alters the hypoglycemic threshold
32:20 - Ketones don't generate as many free radicals

34:50 - Science of Low Carbohydrate Diets

35:25 - Low carbohydrate diets are more likely to affect global improvement in markers associated with metabolic syndrome (Forsythe et al. 2008)

• Body Mass

• Ab Fat
• TG (Triglycerides)
• TG AUC

• HDL

• TG/HDL

• ApoB/ApoA-1
• Small LDL
• Glu
• Insulin
• HOMA
• Leptin
• Total SFA

37:15 - Dietary Saturated Fat and Heart Disease

• No correlation

• if you replace the fat with Carbohydrate the risk Increases for Heart Disease

38:50 - Plasma Saturated fat Predicts Heart Disease

40:00 - Comparison of low fat and low carbohydrate diets on circulating fatty acid composition and markers of inflammation (Lipids. 2008 Jan;43(1):65-77. Epub 2007 Nov 29.)

• http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18046594

• Despite being higher in Saturated Fat, a Low Carbohydrate diet decreased circulating levels of SFA

41:30 - On a Low Carbohydrate diet the Saturated fat is digested into Co2 (Carbon dioxide) and H20 (Water)

• The effect of Dietary Saturated fats are are highly dependent on the carbohydrate that you eat with the fat

• Dietary Saturated fat has very little to do with Correlation with Plasma levels of saturated fat (fat stored on the body)

42:30 - With Ketogenic Diet you can Prevent and reverse Type 2 Diabetes. Middle east has the highest rates of Diabetes, almost twice the rate of America

43:20 - Ketogenic Diet and Cancer

44:17 - Ketogenic diet as a treatment paradigm for diverse neurological disorders

• Epilepsy

• Aging
• Alzheimer's Disease
• Parkinson's Disease

• Mitochondrial Disorders
• Brain Trauma

• Autism

• Migraine

• Depression
• Wound Healing

45:50 - Tim Olsen Wins 2012 Western State 100 with time 14 hours 46 minutes (track record)

46:25 - F.A.S.T.E.R (Fat Adapted Substrate oxidation in Trained Elite Runners)

47:41 - Peak Fat Burning (grams/minute) maximum value was believed to be 1.0

• High level Ketogenic athlete performs, 1.8 grams/minute (Off the chart, the chart only goes to 1.2 science 1.0 is Maximum)