Research Uncovers How Commensal Bacteria Contribute to Multiple Sclerosis | Demyelinating Disorders | JAMA | JAMA Network

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2695647?guestAccessKey=b3c0e1a2-d206-4df0-8bce-2d938a392652



"These findings suggest inhibitors of VEGF-B–FLT-1 signaling or agonists of TGF-α–ErbB1 signaling may represent promising anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective therapies for MS and possibly other neurodegenerative diseases. Diets that promote anti-inflammatory pathways could be a noninvasive approach to treating brain inflammation"



Hampton T. Research Uncovers How Commensal Bacteria Contribute to Multiple Sclerosis. JAMA. 2018;320(5):429–430. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.12863

Consumption of ultra-processed foods and cancer risk: results from NutriNet-Santé prospective cohort | The BMJ

http://www.bmj.com/content/360/bmj.k322

"Conclusions In this large prospective study, a 10%
increase in the proportion of ultra-processed foods in the diet was
associated with a significant increase of greater than 10% in risks of
overall and breast cancer (Fiolet et al. 2018)."

Fiolet, T., Srour,
B., Sellem, L., Kesse-Guyot, E., Alles, B., Mejean, C., Deschasaux, M.,
Fassier, P., Latino-Martel, P., Beslay, M., Hercberg, S., Lavalette, C.,
Monteiro, C. A., Julia, C. & Touvier, M. (2018). Consumption of
ultra-processed foods and cancer risk: results from NutriNet-Sante prospective
cohort. BMJ, 360, s. k322. DOI:10.1136/bmj.k322

High-Fat and Ketogenic Diets in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4438106/


"In summary, there are strong epidemiologic data showing that malnutrition is a common symptom of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis both in humans and in mice and may contribute to disease progression. There is also epidemiologic evidence that increased dietary fat and cholesterol intake might reduce the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and the rate disease progression. Finally, data from animal studies strongly suggest that increasing dietary intake of fat ameliorates disease progression (Paganoni & Wills
2013)."

Paganoni, S. & Wills, A. M. (2013). High-fat and ketogenic diets in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Child Neurol, 28(8), ss. 989-992.
DOI:10.1177/0883073813488669

Alternative Fuels in Epilepsy and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27868154


"In both epilepsy and ALS, there are defects in glucose uptake and reduced tricarboxylic acid
(TCA) cycling, at least in part due to reduced amounts of C4 TCA cycle intermediates. In addition there are impairments in glycolysis in ALS. A reduction in glucose uptake can be addressed by providing the brain with alternative fuels, such as ketones or medium-chain triglycerides (Tefera et al. 2017)."


Alternative Fuels in Epilepsy and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. - PubMed - NCBI: Neurochem Res. 2017 Jun;42(6):1610-1620. doi: 10.1007/s11064-016-2106-7. Epub 2016 Nov 21.

Can ketogenic diet slow progression of ALS? - The Lancet Neurology

http://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/laneur/PIIS1474-4422(06)70462-8.pdf


"For the first time, researchers have shown that diet can alter the
progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in a mouse model of
the disease (Siva 2006)."


Can ketogenic diet slow progression of ALS?
Siva, Nayanah
The Lancet Neurology , Volume 5 , Issue 6 , 476

Saturated fat does not clog the arteries: coronary heart disease is a chronic inflammatory condition, the risk of which can be effectively reduced from healthy lifestyle interventions | British Journal of Sports Medicine

http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/51/15/1111



"Coronary artery disease pathogenesis and treatment urgently requires a paradigm shift. Despite popular belief among doctors and the public, the conceptual model of dietary saturated fat clogging a pipe is just plain wrong."

Malhotra A, Redberg RF, Meier P

Saturated fat does not clog the arteries: coronary heart disease is a chronic inflammatory condition, the risk of which can be effectively reduced from healthy lifestyle interventions

Br J Sports Med 2017;51:1111-1112

Evidence That Intermittent, Excessive Sugar Intake Causes Endogenous Opioid Dependence - Colantuoni - 2002 - Obesity - Wiley Online Library

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1038/oby.2002.66/abstract;jsessionid=53655E300DCC6F52F425701CBE72C85E.f02t04


Discussion: Repeated, excessive intake of sugar created a state in which an opioid antagonist caused behavioral and neurochemical signs of opioid withdrawal. The indices of anxiety and DA/ACh imbalance were qualitatively similar to withdrawal from morphine or nicotine, suggesting that the rats had become sugar-dependent.


Colantuoni, C., Rada, P., McCarthy, J., Patten, C., Avena, N. M., Chadeayne, A. and Hoebel, B. G. (2002), Evidence That Intermittent, Excessive Sugar Intake Causes Endogenous Opioid Dependence. Obesity Research, 10: 478–488. doi:10.1038/oby.2002.66

Dietary Carbohydrates Impair Healthspan and Promote Mortality: Cell Metabolism

http://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/fulltext/S1550-4131(17)30562-4


The prospective cohort study, named PURE, found that in >135,000 participants from 18 countries, nutritive carbohydrates increase human mortality, whereas dietary fat reduces it, requesting a fundamental change of current nutritional guidelines. Experimental evidence from animal models provides synergizing mechanistic concepts as well as pharmacological options to mimic low-carb or ketogenic diets.

Dietary Carbohydrates Impair Healthspan and Promote Mortality

Ravichandran, Meenakshi et al.

Cell Metabolism , Volume 26 , Issue 4 , 585 - 587

Nutrition and Health – The Association between Eating Behavior and Various Health Parameters: A Matched Sample Study

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3917888/



"Our results showed that a vegetarian diet is associated with poorer health (higher incidences of cancer, allergies, and mental health disorders), a higher need for health care, and poorer quality of life. Therefore, public health programs are needed in order to reduce the health risk due to nutritional factors."


Burkert NT, Muckenhuber J, Großschädl F, Rásky É, Freidl W.
Nutrition and Health – The Association between Eating Behavior and Various
Health Parameters: A Matched Sample Study. Gorlova OY, ed. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(2):e88278. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0088278.

Effects of Dietary Fructose Restriction on Liver Fat, De Novo Lipogenesis, and Insulin Kinetics in Children With Obesity - Gastroenterology

http://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(17)35685-8/fulltext


"Conclusions Short-term (9 days) isocaloric fructose restriction decreased liver fat, VAT, and DNL, and improved insulin kinetics in children with obesity. These findings support efforts to reduce sugar consumption. ClinicalTrials.gov Number: NCT01200043."

Effects of Dietary Fructose Restriction on Liver Fat, De Novo Lipogenesis, and Insulin Kinetics in Children With Obesity

Schwarz, Jean-Marc et al.

Gastroenterology , Volume 153 , Issue 3 , 743 - 752

Associations of fats and carbohydrate intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality in 18 countries from five continents (PURE): a prospective cohort study - The Lancet

http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(17)32252-3/fulltext

"Interpretation

High carbohydrate intake was associated with higher risk of total mortality, whereas total fat and individual types of fat were related to lower total mortality. Total fat and types of fat were not associated with cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, or cardiovascular disease mortality, whereas saturated fat had an inverse association with stroke. Global dietary guidelines should be reconsidered in light of these findings."

Associations of fats and carbohydrate intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality in 18 countries from five continents (PURE): a prospective cohort study - The Lancet, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32252-3

Refeeding syndrome: what it is, and how to prevent and treat it

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2440847/



"Refeeding syndrome: what it is, and how to prevent and treat it"



Mehanna HM, Moledina J, Travis J. Refeeding syndrome: what it is, and how to prevent and treat it. BMJ : British Medical Journal. 2008;336(7659):1495-1498. doi:10.1136/bmj.a301.

Ketogenic diet versus gluten free casein free diet in autistic children: a case-control study | SpringerLink

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11011-017-0088-z



"Both diet groups showed significant improvement in ATEC and CARS scores in comparison to control group, yet ketogenic scored better results in cognition and sociability compared to GFCF diet group."



El-Rashidy, O., El-Baz, F., El-Gendy, Y. et al. Metab Brain Dis (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-017-0088-z

Study Puts Smart Drugs Back in Spotlight | Adolescent Medicine | JAMA | The JAMA Network

http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2649239

"A group of 39 highly rated male members of the German Chess Federation were enlisted to play more than 3000 15-minute games against computers matched to their skill levels while taking modafinil, methylphenidate, or caffeine. The researchers reported that players taking modafinil and methylphenidate won more games overall, though they pondered their moves longer, causing them to sometimes lose on time."

"The positive association surprised Lieb. “Our hypothesis [had been] that it’s not possible to enhance subjects who are already working at top performance,” he said."

Lyon J. Chess Study Revives Debate Over Cognition-Enhancing Drugs. JAMA. Published online August 16, 2017. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.8114